基于动态消费行为和社会传染的新产品扩散模型研究
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(1) 有关新产品的概念很宽泛,本书做如下说明:第一,为表达简洁,本书使用“产品”一词涵盖产品或服务。第二,有些文章将新产品扩散和创新扩散的概念混合使用,但新产品(New Product)与创新(Innovation)是有区别的。创新的范围更广,不仅包括新产品,还包括新方法、新思想、新制度、新流程等。本书仅讨论有关产品方面的创新。第三,新产品在市场营销学、经济学以及工程学中均有不同的定义。本书从市场营销学的角度来界定。产品在任何一个维度上的变革和创新,并给消费者带来新的价值和满足的产品,都是一种新产品。Booz、Allen和Hamilton(1982)从“对公司的新颖程度”和“对市场的新颖程度”两个维度来划分6种类型的新产品。全新产品指能够开创新市场的新产品;新产品线指企业首次进入已建立市场的新产品;现行产品线的增补品指企业在已建立的产品线上增补的新产品(如新包装、新口味、新规格);现行产品的改进更新指提供改进性能和较大改变价值的并替代现有产品的新产品;市场重定位指以新的或细分市场为上市目标的新产品;成本降低型新产品指通过降低产品成本,从而生产出相似类型的新产品。然而,沿袭新产品扩散领域的研究,本书的研究目的不在于对这6种类型新产品做深入区分,而在于讨论营销学概念上的新产品在上市后消费者的采用特征以及新产品的扩散规律。第四,新产品扩散的研究主要有两个层面:产品品类层面(Category-level)和品牌层面(Brand-level)。本书在第5章将构建品类层面和品牌层面的模型,但是为了与现有模型做对比,第6章和第7章的实证部分都将聚焦于品类层面的新产品扩散模型的构建与实证计量分析。