休闲、审美与文化创意
（代序）

潘立勇⁽¹⁾

摘　要：休闲是文化创生和造化的时空基础，也是创意的人本心理基础，审美则是文化创意的心理动力机制。劳动和勤奋只是提供文明物品的制造和积累，休闲和审美才能提供文化发展的创意。不是“劳动创造了美”，劳动只是制造物品，或是进化了能创造美的主体；而是“休闲创生了美”，形成了审美思维，审美思维又化生了创意。休闲为文化创意之境，审美为文化创意之灵；反过来，创意又成为休闲与审美生生不息之易。

关键词：休闲；审美；创意

Abstract: For one thing, Leisure is the space-time basis of the cultural creation and innovation, but also the humanistic psychological basis of creativity; for another, Aesthetics embodies the psychological motive mechanism of cultural creativity. Instead of labor and diligence, which just provides the manufacture and accumulation of materials of civilized society, leisure and aesthetic provides creative inspiration for cultural development. Labor can only produce substance, or evolve the subject who creates the beauty, but leisure can encourage aesthetic thinking, and aesthetic thinking further brews creative ideas, so leisure rather than labor creates beauty. Leisure provides atmosphere for the cultural creativity, and aesthetic brings inspiration for it; cultural creativity, in turn, turns into the essence of Yi (Change) that makes leisure and aesthetic continue to be born.

Fundamentally speaking, leisure and aesthetic have a common nature as a state of human self-dependent life and free feeling. Self-dependence, freedom and self-actualization are its core features, and this is also the humanistic basis of cultural creativity. From the point ofBen Ti (the original Being of life, or ontology), all the creation is actually a discovery. The idea (creative idea) is always there from nature and only the self-dependent subject can get it, because the subject is so free that he/she can fully release confidence and spirit and then be aware of all possibilities of existence and appearance in nature. From the point of Gong Fu (life practice), the innovation of creative ideas depends on the ultimate sensitivity of the subject. The one who has a deep self-knowledge about the true meaning of the self-existence would avoid prejudice, and understand diversity, and finally get creative ideas that are full of personality.

Leisure environment and mood is necessary for cultural creativity. Literally, self-dependence can't depend on or be obliged by others. Only in the mood of self-dependence, people can approach theoriginal meaning of innovation and make it obvious distinctly and uniquely. The society should guarantee the individual's freedom, which is the social freedom system; people should be confident and maintain their self-dependence, which is the individual's freedom. We need free and relaxed creative atmosphere, but also need free creative mind. Only in free state, human potential (including the potential of thinking, emotional potential and creative potential) can develop infinitely, and people can have genuine decision and unfettered creation. Self-actualization, filled with inspiration, is a natural result of self-dependence and self-confidence. So, efforts and diligence are not enough for discovery and creativity, and meditation and self-insight is necessary for the unexpected discovery of the essence of the universe.

For cultural creativity, the meaning of aesthetics can be attributed to two aspects. First of all, the power of creativity often comes from the instinctive pursuit of beauty. Many scientific discoveries have a common feature that to pursue the beauty of the object ultimately lead to find the real law. Second, creativity needs imagination and aesthetic thinking. Aesthetic thinking can break the stereotype, routine, and rigidity caused by rational and inertia thinking, and it makes people look at the world with another perspective, giving the world a very different meaning. Therefore, aesthetic thinking can make people's imagination fully developed, so that people keenly aware of things, and then break through the routine and create new works.

Leisure and aesthetic provide space-time and psychological basis, as well as the corresponding mechanism, for the cultural creativity. In turn, the creativity inspires the content and way of leisure and aesthetic to update and change constantly.Zhou Yi (Book of Changes) said that the life itself is the change, and creativity brings the lifeful change to leisure and aesthetics. In the spiritual field, betraying tradition, breaking the routine, creating new works, creativity guides people beyond themselves and the rules. In the economic field, creativity can be considered as the magic cube which symbolizes the wonderful combination of the intelligent industry, and the engine which leads wealth and creates the future.

Key words: Leisure; Aesthetic; Creativity

当代中国社会发展和产业转型升级的关键在于创意，文化产业的前景也取决于创意。这个问题已被国人和学界普遍关注，这项研究对于促进当代文化创意产业的发展，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

文化创意离不开休闲的环境和心境；审美思维是文化创意的心理动力机制。休闲与审美有着共同的本质，即人的“自在生命的自由体验”⁽²⁾。自在、自由、自得是其最基本的特征，这也正是文化创意的人本基础。从本体上说，一切创造均是发现，创意之“意”，本体就在，唯主体自在，方能切近“意”之本在；唯主体自由，方能充分释放信心和灵心，进而选择万物存在与呈现之无限可能。从工夫上说，创意之新，取决于主体心灵透彻敏感，本心明觉，良知独照，方能撇开成见俗见的遮蔽，澄明万事万物多样之新，自得创意之见。