Grammar The Pronoun　代词

代词是用来代替名词的，来代替同一句或上一句中提到的一个名词，以避免重复。

一、代词的种类

3.自身代词：myself,yourselves,themselves。

4.相互代词：each other,one another。

5.指示代词：this,that,those。

6.疑问代词：who,what,which。

7.关系代词：who,whom,which,that。

8.不定代词：some,something,anyone。

二、人称代词

人称代词有两种形态，即主格和宾格，作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格：

1.人称代词主格的用法：

1）作主语：

I am a shop assistant.

You are a customer.

He is a cashier.

She is a tailor.

It is a toy.

We are shop assistants.

You are customers.

They are cashiers.

They are tailors.

They are toys.

2）作表语：

It's you.　It's I.

2.人称代词宾格的用法：

1）作及物动词的宾语：

He gave me two pairs of shoes to choose.

2）作介词的宾语：

Xiao Li asked me to do some shopping with her.

三、物主代词

表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。它有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

物主代词的用法：

1.形容词性物主代词放在名词前面用作定语：

My father is a tailor.

Our manager is from Beijing.

2.名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语：

1）作主语：

My coat is blue,and yours is brown.

2）作宾语：

I didn't borrow his money.I borrowed hers.

3）作表语：

Whose box is this?It is mine.

These English books are theirs.

四、不定代词

不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词。在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。常用的不定代词有：some,any,no,all,every,much,many,few,a few,little,a little,one等。

1.some与any是表示不定数量的代词，相当于“一些”，但译成汉语时，“一些”这样的词常不出现。这两个词作定语时较多，可形容可数名词复数，或不可数名词。

some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如：

I want to buy some blouses.

Will you please give me some sugar?

Have you any blue ink?

No,I haven't any.

2.many,much,little,few等都是表示数量的代词，其区别在于many（很多，许多）用于可数名词，much用于不可数名词，few（没多少，很少）含否定意义，用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few（有一些，有几个）含肯定意义，用于可数名词，a little用于不可数名词。

这些词用作定语时较多，有时也可作主语或宾语。

There are many needles and buttons in the box.

There is not much red ink in the bottle.

She made few mistakes in her grammar exercises.

He knows little about Chinese ancient music.

Grammar Exercises

1.用人称代词填空：

1）______is a fine day,today.

2）______is a hero and______is a heroine.

3）Are you adoctor?No,______am a teacher.

4）Please shut the window,will______?But______is already shut.

5）They are houses with flowers around______.

6）We saw nothing but the stars above______.

7）Is that Rose over there?Yes,that's______.

8）Do______know the boy?Yes,______and______are cousins.

2.填入适当的物主代词：

1）Open______books and read after me.

2）I haven't brought______English book with me.will you lend me______?

3）Dr.Bethune gave______life for the Chinese revolution.

4）Let each of the boys take______own seat.

3.选择适当的不定代词填空：

1）Is there______tea in the teapot?Yes,thereis______.

A.some　　　　　B.any　　　　　C.few　　　　　D.little

2）The students have their league meeting______two weeks.

A.every　　　　 B.each

3）There are high buildings on______sides of the street.

A.either　　　　B.neither　　　C.both

4）There was______fruit in my garden this autumn.

A.many　　　　　B.much

5）The question was so difficult that______of us answered it correctly.

A.a few　　　　 B.few

6）If______calls,tell him we are busy.

A.anyone　　　　B.someone

7）Lao Li has three sons.______of them are college students.

A.Every　　　　 B.All　　　　　C.Both

8）He has two watches:One is made in China,the______is made in Japan.

A.another　　　 B.other

9）This coat doesn't fit me well.Please show me______.

A.another　　　 B.other

10）Which of them do you like better,the big one or the small one?______will do.

A.Both　　　　　B.Either

11）You have______water in the jug now.Let me go and fetch______for you.

A.a little　　　B.little

12）I have______important to say at the meeting.

A.anything　　　B.nothing

13）The teacher gave a test paper to______of the students.

A.every　　　　 B.each

14）He works hardest in his class.______in his class works as hard as he.

A.Nobody else　 B.Nobody

4.将下列句子译成英语：

1）李新是我的姐姐，她昨天买了一件貂皮大衣（mink coat）。

2）他的羊毛衫是蓝色的，我的（羊毛衫）是红色的。

3）我喜欢这件羊毛衫的式样（style），但我不喜欢它的颜色。

4）这不是我的雨衣，我的（雨衣）是绿色的。