Day 3

英文重现

Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits maybe turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 2

解析

1.“there is no guarantee that”是固定句型，意思是“不能保证……”，“that”从句作“guarantee”的同位语。此处“that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways”是“that”引导的同位语从句，对前面的“guarantee”进

行说明；而“since”引导的原因状语从句中的“that could easily…industries”则是定语从句，修饰前面的“investment capital”。判断“that”引导的从句是定语从句还是同位语从句，关键是看“that”在从句中是否充当成分，如果充当成分，则为定语从句，如果不充当成分，则是同位语从句。“guarantee”后面的“that”从句中，“that”后面为一个完整的句子，所以“that”不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而“investment capital”后面的“that”从句中，“that”指代“investment capital”，在从句中当主语，所以“that”从句是一个定语从句。

2.“since”引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；鉴于……”，“since”表示原因时，语气比“because”稍弱，表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的原因或事实。

3.我们在理解文章时，要尽量从整体着手，对于句子中的个别词语无需太过纠结，比如“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”中的“come”，不用纠结它是不是翻译成“来”，可以根据语境来判断。在这里“come”应该是“发展”的意思，“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”意思就是“以相似的生态有效型方式发展”。事实上，“come”在这里的意思类似于“travel”，比如在“This company has come a long way in the last five years”（最近五年，该公司取得了很大进展）这个句子中，“has come a long way”意思就是“has made a lot of progress”。

词义辨析

参考翻译

此外，没人能保证生态效率带来的经济增长会以相似的生态有效型方式发展，因为在现今的全球市场中，更高的利润可能会被转化成投资资金，而这些资金轻易地就被再次投入到了老式的非生态有效型工业上。

实战演练

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries. Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy…

The passage mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of companies’ realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency?

(A) The companies may be able to sell a greater number of products by lowering prices.

(B) The companies may be better able to attract investment capital in the global market.

(C) The profits may be reinvested to increase economic growth through ecoefficiency.

(D) The profits may be used as investment capital for industries that are not ecoefficient.

(E) The profits may encourage companies to make further innovations in reducing production waste.

答案：D

答案解析

题目问的是“公司通过生态效率获得更高的利润后可能会有什么结果”，根据“realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency”的意思定位到原文“Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries”。从“no guarantee”可以得知“increased economic growth”并不一定会以“ecoefficient”的方式发展，而“since”后的句子指出了利润很可能被用于“old-style eco-inefficient industries”（注意“eco-inefficient”中的“in-”是表否定的前缀），由此可排除选项C“利润会被再次投资，以通过生态效率促进经济增长”。正确选项应该为D“利润可能会被用作投资资金，投入到非生态有效型工业上”，“used as investment capital”对应文中的“turned into investment capital”，“not ecoefficient”对应文中的“eco-inefficient”。

其他三个选项原文并未提到，意思分别为：

A. 公司或许能够通过降低价格卖出更多的产品。

B. 公司或许更加能够在全球市场上吸引投资资本。

E. 利润或许能鼓励公司在减少生产废料方面做出进一步的革新。