Abstract

China has made tremendous achievements in economic development mainly through extensive growth manner after reform and opening up for three dec-ades. Looking ahead, under the constraint of resource shortages and environmen-tal degradation, this economic development manner will be unsustainable. In re-ality, China's comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries are slowly re-placed by India, Vietnam and other cheaper labor countries. But China have not yet established a clear competitive advantage in technological innovation and the development of high-tech industries. If China does not change this situation, our country will be plunged into a comparative advantage“lean”dilemma. In view of this, the establishment of an innovation-oriented country, changing the mode of economic development, upgrading China's comparative advantage is imminent choice to achieve sustainable economic development for our country.

There are two theories for industries upgrading and comparative advantage improving: comparative advantage economic development strategy theory and strategic trade policy theory. Both trade theory and its policy implications seize certain important aspects of the real world and therefore has important theoretical value and practical significance. But they both also have some place that need to be improved, and exactly the two can learn from each other to form a more per-fect theories of economic development framework. Comparative advantage econom-ic development strategy respect the laws of economic development, have rigorous theoretical arguments and more cross-country evidence, but the reality of com-parative advantage trap,“Dutch disease”, the tragic growth phenomenon also shows that follow a comparative advantage to develop the economy does not neces-sarily be able to achieve the upgrading of endowment structure. Even if the upgrading of endowment structure has been achieved, this is only the necessary but not sufficient conditions for the improving of industrial and trade structure. The smoothy realization of the process also need a perfect market as a support, and enterprises should dominate first-mover advantage. In this process, to achieve the upgrading from the previous stage to back stage, in addition to complying with the laws of the market, government policy collaboration is also necessary, and many of these policies with the nature of strategic trade policy, so the compara-tive advantage economic development strategy theory will become more perfect with the introduction of the strategic trade policy theory. In addition, the strategic trade policy emphasizes the important role of government policies on getting inter-national competitive advantage. This is in line with the reality in many cases, but it still needs the factor endowments basis. A country lack of factor endowment is difficult to win first-mover advantage in international competition, even if with government's perfect policy. So strategic trade policy theory also requires the intro-duction of comparative advantage economic development strategy theory in order to compensate for its inadequacies. Seen from the above, the comparative advan-tage economic development strategy and strategic trade policy theory exactly can be complementary, forming a more perfect theory of economic development framework, this is the main line of this article.

Under the framework of comparative advantage economic development strategy theory, the dissertation systematically studies the strategic trade policy's key role on the critical stages（technological innovation, industrial development and trade structural upgrading）of comparative advantage upgrading. The main research and innovation are as follows.

（1）In view of technological innovation's core position in production factor endowments, theoretically, the dissertation combines the strategic trade policy theory with endogenous growth theory from the external economic theory perspective, and construct a theoretical strategic trade policy model based on technologi-cal innovation, laid a theoretical foundation for using strategic trade policy to upgrade China's comparative advantages. According to high-tech industries' economic characteristics of scale economy, imperfect competition and external economy, but also focuses on strategic trade policy's important role on the high-tech industry's development stage.

（2）On empirical, the dissertation does quantitative study of the strategic R＆D subsidies' actual role on the manufacturing industries'technology innovation and its influencing factors.

（3）At last, it give some policy recommendations. Firstly, I reviews and summarizes the lessons and experiences from implementation of the strategic trade policy in Japan, United States and France, provide a reference for the use of strategic trade policy in China. Secondly, our country should break the traditional strategic trade policy instruments, and explore strategic trade policies'（often in the form of industrial policy, such as R＆D subsidies, intellectual property pro-tection, government、industry and academia joint study, the choice of the de-gree of industrial concentration and occupation of the international technical standards, etc.）strategic role on nurturing the enterprises' innovation ability, absorbing technology diffusion, developing high-tech industry, improving trade structure and upgrading comparative advantage.

（4）The dissertation summarizes the lessons learned from implementation of the strategic trade policy in Japan, the United States and France, to provide some implementation principles for our country. And does a research about more extensive form of the strategic trade policy instruments.

（5）Summarizes the differences of strategic trade policy in developing coun-tries and developed countries in the purpose of implementation, means of imple-mentation, the policy game outcome and policy makers' strategic principles.

The main conclusions of this dissertation are as follows.

（1）Due to China's different development goals and constraints from the de-veloped countries, there is different implementation purposes of strategic trade policy, that is to cultivate China's technological innovation capability, industrial development and improve foreign trade structure.

（2）In order to avoid the“tragedy of the commons”of basic research, our strategic R＆D policy should support R＆D projects with a public goods nature and large technology spillover effect, especially basic technology research that is needed by industrial development commonly. In addition, the basic research car-ried out jointly by government、industry and academia is a good organizational model and is worthy of promotion. On this basis, it should provide good condi-tions for technology diffusion.

（3）China can use strategic trade policy instruments to maximize the tech-nology diffusion from developed countries.

（4）China should gradually eliminate the local administrative protection, and form a unified national competitive market, to increase industrial concentra-tion and take full advantage of competitive efficiency and economies of scale and improve the international competitiveness of industry.

（5）China should choose a good area, timing and intensity of using strate-gic trade policy, to help domestic enterprises to obtain first-mover advantage, gain economies of scale and create favorable conditions of international market, to form a favorable pattern of labor division, thereby improve the trade structure.

Keywords: Strategic Trade Policy; Economic Structure Dynamic Upgrade;High-Tech Industry Development; Trade Structure Upgrading