第三节 匹配题制胜全攻略

一、题型要求

每个题目都是一个判断句，但留有一个或两个空格，要求根据原文内容填空。在目前的考试中，绝大部分都是一个空格，而且在句子的结尾处。

二、解题步骤

1 阅读选择项进行语法特征的判断，通过题目，优先确定几个正确答案。

相关知识在各类英语教材、教辅中都可看到，这里就不一一赘述了。

2 找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。

将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这会大大加快解题速度，并提高准确率。但也并非每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落。

3 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词确定正确答案。

确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾仔细阅读该段落，找出题目中关键词的对应词。仔细阅读原文对应的句子，确定正确答案。

4 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

这种题型是有顺序性的。第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后，这个规律也有助于考生确定答案的位置。

5 所填答案必须符合语法规范。

因为是填空，所以所填答案必须符合语法规范。

6 绝大部分答案来自原文原词。

大部分答案来自原文原词，而且是原文中连续出现的几个词。

7 答案词数不会很长。

例如：In addition to basic residence fees,most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees,damage deposits,and power charges.

【题目】

As well as basic college residence fees,additional charges are usually made,but are described as.

【译文】

除了基本的住宿费，很多大学还制定了少量的附加收费项目，诸如：登记费、物品押金、电费。

有的考生可能会答registration fees,damage deposits,and power charges，因为词数太多，所以应首先怀疑它们是错误的，而且这几项费用出现在such as后面，是列举而非概括。正确答案应为minor，即附加费用被描述为少量的、微不足道的。

8 答案绝大部分是分词短语或句子。

所填答案绝大部分是分词短语或原文相应句子的宾语。也有少数题目的答案是形容词短语、副词短语或句子。

9 要特别注意顺序性。

由于这种题型定位比较难，所以要特别注意顺序性的运用。一道题若找了很长时间、很多段落也没有找到答案，可能是因为题目中的关键词和原文中的相应词对应不明显，答案位置已经偏离，这时可以先做下一道题。

这种题目比较难，所以通常为一篇文章的第二或第三个题目。它与一篇文章几个题目中前面的题目和后面的题目也构成顺序性，即这个题目的答案的位置绝大部分应在上一题的答案的位置之后，下一题的答案的位置之前。

三、匹配题经典例题

American Families

1.Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car,a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8% and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance,savings,gifts and recreation.

2.Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives—grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the “nuclear family”.It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.

3.Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.

4.After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 1.5% of all married couples were not living on their own—independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kinds of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born.The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.

答案

1.[D]

2.[C]

3.[B]

4.[A]