Lesson 3 Golden Rule of Writing Business Letter 商务信函写作遵循的原则
商务信函不同于小说或者散文,不要求文字华丽,但要求清楚准确。一般来说,写作商务信函时要遵循以下几个要点。
1. 礼貌(Courtesy)
礼貌指信函的措辞要周全得当,语气要有礼貌且谦虚,不要过分热情或者谦卑,既要尊重对方,又要做到不卑不亢。另外,及时地回信也是礼貌的表现。
例如:
We have received with many thanks your letter of 20th May,and we take the pleasure of sending you our latest catalog. We wish to draw your attention to a special offer which we have made in it.
You will be particularly interested in a special offer on page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed, which you requested in your letter of 20th May.
语气的使用格外重要,因为语气往往带有感情色彩。语气可以是正式的,也可以是非正式的;可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的;可以是说服性的,也可以是幽默的;还可以是争辩性的。针对不同的读者,选用不同的语气,如写信给权威机构时,最好用正式的语气。但是,不论写信给谁,使用否定和争辩性语气时要特别注意,尽量少向对方说“No”,或使用过多否定意义的词,如果办不到,可以委婉地表示。例如:
(1)
You claim that we did not enclose all the parts in your order.(直接否定,效果较差)
We regret any delays in your production caused by missing parts in your order.(委婉地表达,效果较好)
(2)
We are sorry that we can not ship the goods until September 8.(直接否定,效果较差)
We are happy to tell you we may ship the goods after September 8.(委婉地表达,效果较好)
(3)
We hope you won't be dissatisfied with our new products.(否定之否定,效果较差)
We hope you will be satisfied with our new products.(直接肯定,效果较好)
2. 简洁(Conciseness)
商务信函要做到言简意赅,文字力求简短,要注意以下几点。
(1)避免废话连篇和不必要的重复。例如:
We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter…
可改为
We appreciate your letter…
而
Enclosed herewith please find two copies of…
可改为
We enclose two copies of…
(2)单词使用方面,尽量用简短的单词、日常词汇和具体的单词。例如:
in the event of→if
beg to state that…→would like to tell you that…
in regard to→about
enclosed herewith→enclosed
at this time→now
due to the fact that→because
a draft in the amount of$1,000→a draft for$1,000
peruse→read
soon→June 25
通过比较可以发现,后者比前者更加简短、通俗易懂和具体,效果因此更好。当然,信函的内容要做到简洁,也不能因此让信函显得空洞,必须有具体的内容。
3. 清楚(Clarity)
一封商务信函应当着重说明一两件事情,主题要突出,层次要分明,意思表达要清楚准确,让收信人看信时一目了然。如邀请信应说明时间、地点等,切忌寄出含糊不清的信件。要注意如下几点。
(1)遣词造句不应模棱两可,避免用词含糊。例如:
As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco,we have bimonthly direct services.
此处bimonthly有歧义:可以是twice a month或once every two months,往往会让读信者迷惑,最好改写为
We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.
We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.
We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.
(2)注意句子的结构,多用单词,少用短语或从句,尽量使用主动语态和人称主语,尽量使用简短的句子。例如:
We sent you 5 samples yesterday of the goods which you requested in your letter of May 20 by air.
最好改写为
We sent you,by air,5 samples of the goods which you requested in your letter of May 20.
再如
We are writing to you with a view to entering into business relations with you.
最好改写为
We are anxious to start business with you.
(3)注意段落的安排,段落不宜太长,段落的重点根据所要传达的信息的性质来安排,应当遵循“一个段落,一个主题”(one paragraph,one topic)的原则,仅仅叙述与主题相关的事项,一般不应超过7~9行。
4. 体谅(Consideration)
商务信函要体现以人为本、亲切体谅的原则,也就是说,无论谈及何人何事,都应强调双方的情谊,以尊重、体谅对方的态度行事。具体表现为写信时要用“you”来代替主语“we/I”,因而处处从对方的角度去考虑对方有什么需求,强调对方的利益,以对方的角度和立场来考虑问题,而不是什么都从自身的利益和角度出发。例如:(1)
We allow 2 percent discount for cash payment.(强调自己的行为)
You will earn 2 percent discount when you pay cash.(强调对方的利益,效果更好)
(2)
We can not offer any refunds because the goods you returned are dirty and unusable.(表达直接,语气有些居高临下)
You could obtain refunds if the goods you returned are clean and usable.(强调对方得失,拒绝语气婉转,效果更好)
5. 完整(Completeness)
一封商业信函应包括各个必需的部分,并根据需要选择使用特别部分,即做到结构上的完整。正文表达的意思要完整,每一个段落、每一个句子的结构和语义表达要完整。
6. 正确(Correctness)
正确是指商务函电必须做到格式使用正确,各个组成部分的位置、内容、使用正确,单词拼写正确,语法也要正确。